Dear Filipinos,
Stop Claiming that You're Spanish!
You (probably) aren't.
Location: All over.
Mood: Venting. Perhaps a bit ranting.
It happened again. I met a Filipino guy more Asian looking than I am, claim that he was Spanish.
Uhhmm. No. I wouldn't bet on it.
I am sick and tired of Filipinos claiming this all because they have a Hispanic name. I was about to write a rant - which I justify not just as mere venting, but also a public service announcement - but I realized I've done this a long time ago.
As such, here's a modified version of a presentation I did for a class I had during the Winter of 2010 (Dr. Margo Husby's GNST 500) . This is ripped, truncated, and modified from what I handed to be marked.
Boldened sections can serve as cliff notes. The first person (I, We, Us) is used for both my Filipino lineage, and my Canadian identity - as much as possible I have made this distinct. Yes, the writing is sloppy for an essay, because it isn't one - as I said, it's fleshed out notes from a presentation/speech I did on the 6th of March 2010. The audience? Non Filipinos.
Almost every Philippine born Filipino I have met claims to be a product of the intermarriage between Spanish colonial officers and Indigenous Filipinos. That they are Spain's descendants. That they have Mestizo Or mixed Heritage. First evidence they have is the name. Indeed, such Spanish names feature prominently in my own history. In my Dad's side the family names of Fernando, Diaz, and Perez all stand out. Whilst in my Mother's side Rubio, Bello, Bueno, and Manzano take prominence.
But, the reasoning that these Hispanic names must mean a Spanish heritage is flawed! Mating was not a prerequisite to adopt the Spanish name - merely converting to Christianity and swearing allegiance to Spain was enough.
As a second piece of evidence, Filipinos might mention that their parents, and their grandparents, and great grandparents, and so on and so forth, all their known ancestors were landowners – part of the propertied class with vast tracts of land. This is also true for both my Father’s and Mother’s side. They come from completely different regions – having only met in University - but they share that in common.
But again, this is not a surefire way of saying I have some Spanish in me because historically, in administering the colonial empire, the colonists usually would favour certain local leaders to expedite the process. I mean, why reinvent the wheel? Why dismantle whatever local fiefdom or kingdom is there when you could just make their leaders swear allegiance to Spain? It is just as likely that my grandparents from both sides are the descendants of a local tribal leader, as much as they could be a Spanish Colonial Officer or some other Spanish settler. This same logic, applied to every Filipino who claims to be part Spanish, compels me to call bullshit on such claims.
Most importantly, and the main basis for my doubt, is the fact that: It is very trendy in the Philippines to say that you have some European in you, that you are a product of the Spanish Colonial Era.
Simply put, it’s Filipinos being racist. We Filipinos call it “The Colonial Mentality” – that everything foreign, Western, from the Global North (to borrow a Development Studies word) is always better.
In fact, such thinking is so pervasive, that on occasion, the cultures of surviving indigenous tribes are disdained, labeled as primitive and backwards, while on the other hand, it is very cool to claim that your ancestors were Spanish.
Even today, the existing Philippine standards of beauty are still more aligned with light skinned, European features. This is reflected in who gets to be a celebrity, a star: They tend have direct Caucasian ancestry – though for the most part, a lot of them nowadays are actually repatriated children of the Filipino Diaspora – people with actual Caucasian Ancestry. Don't believe me? Just do a search, watch Filipino shows available online, check out who does modeling in the Philippines. They are very white. The short of it is that Filipinos simply LOVE white people. I would even go so far as to say that they want to be white! Check out the skin whitening products available in the Philippines. Check out Manny Pacquiao's wife and her nose job.
And no, dear white people of the audience, I am not trying to make you feel guilty. The privilege that Filipinos give to your features is in no way a slight against you; it is not your direct individual fault that this is the case. If anything, I'm blaming Filipinos with that so called "Colonial Mentality" for thinking this way - they are after all, elevating European/White features above all as the gold standard, well after Colonial control has long vanished.
Still, I cannot put enough emphasis on this: It is very cool in the Philippines to say that you have Spanish Ancestry. In the Filipino context, it is a boast, plain and simple
If you have Filipino friends, you probably have heard of similar claims.
Now, it could very well be that they DO have Spanish grandparents.
But truthfully, unless they have unambiguous proof, as in they actually have a relative that was part of the Colonial administration, CHANCES ARE, IT IS AN OUTRIGHT FANTASY.
In a way, Filipinos who do such a thing are also in effect identifying themselves with power and status. Perhaps not so prevalent anymore, but the power base and the elite of the Spanish era definitely had mixed ancestry. In effect they are saying: “Look, I had powerful and influential ancestors!”
However, the Philippines is not Latin America. Such extensive mixing did not happen.
Evidence - Genetic Evidence - suggests that only about 1% to 4% of Filipinos have varying degrees of European Heritage from the Patrilineal Lineage, or the Father’s Side. It’s a very tiny minority! It’s not like Honduras where the majority are actual mixed race people, or “Mestizos” in the Spanish vernacular.
I say again: unless they have unambiguous proof, chances of a Filipino claiming to be a Mestizo is an outright fantasy. That’s only 1 in 100 to 1 in 25.
To put these chances into perspective, think of all the Filipinos you've met: If 25 of them say they are certain they have Spanish ancestry, then 24 are lying, deluded, or just uninformed.
That's a lot of lying, deluded, or uninformed Filipinos! And that's using the higher estimates. 1% means that out of 100 Filipinos laying claim to some Spanish blood, 99 are liars, delusional, or simply mistaken.
Now, I am critical, because I can be. I am westernized enough to be able to question such claims and ultimately criticize this Filipino Colonial Fetishism – yet Filipino enough that I can get away with it. If you are white, you may not get off as easily. If you want to offend a Filipino, when they go “my Grandparents were Spanish” - despite not looking the part by having the prototypical South East Asian features - you only have to tell them “Oh I’m sorry, I just don’t see it!”. I guarantee that you will certainly lose a friend.
Although it may seem that I am painting a bad picture of Filipinos, do not forget, that we - and I am now speaking as a Canadian and a westerner - we fetishize and positively “Other” distant cultures too – and I’m not just talking about just being open minded, friendly and welcoming. I mean, we fetishize cultures.
Just check out "Stuff White People like".
It’s a very entertaining cultural observation of left leaning, democratically inclined, and globally conscious westerners – be they Caucasian or not. Sometimes it can get a little too biting, but Professor Jared Diamond agrees!
In his work "Guns Germs and Steel", he cautions against Fetishism because it can be dangerous. Especially when expressed in a manner that makes it sound like as though it’s just a few degrees shy of using ‘the noble savage’ label, which really is an underhanded compliment. I emphasize this because too often have I heard “Northern” born people say: Filipinos are so nice.
Correction: The Filipinos you’ve met are nice.
I guarantee you that we – Filipinos – are just as diverse as any other population in that there will be people who are nice, and those who are *ahem* not so nice.
But I digress.
All I’m saying is that, European Canadians do this fetishizing too! Positive kind, but fetishism nonetheless. Not just in a manner of elevating the indigenous cultures of elsewhere mind you, but also of laying claim to their own lineages. How many Fifth or Fourth Generation Canadians, who although practice none of their heritage, still make blatant claims of being German, Irish, Scot, Polish… wherever. How many people claim these exotic lineages, yet practice none or very little of the culture?
Same deal. Because it’s so cool to be from far and wide, we go and say, we’re from elsewhere.
Now, here’s the thing where European North Americans have it good: You have records. Pop on to Ancestry.com and bam! Even if you date back to when the first colonizers/settlers, there’s no denying, you have such a lineage.
Filipinos on the other hand, have no proof.
Not only are Philippine records unreliable, they tend to be non existent.Two nearly back to back revolutions late 1800's and early 1900's, plus a World War kinda does that to public records I guess. And in a country terrible for keeping records at that.
And this is very painful because I’m the kind of person who doesn’t want to subscribe to a fantasy, so I had to have proof. I don’t want to say like so many Filipinos “Oh, I have Spanish Ancestors” without any shred of proof, especially when subscribing to such an idea would situate me in a position of believed superiority. Note the distinction: believed and not factual – I’m not saying a Spanish ancestry is superior – merely that, Filipinos THINK it to be superior.
Ok... ok. I admit that I may have done that in the past - I may have stated that I too had Spanish ancestry. But hey, living in the Philippines where such a claim was common, it's hard not to claim solidarity with something that will make you instantly cool.
..(large portion that is concerned only with the presentation cut out)...
Enter the National Geographic’s Genographic Project.
It takes so long to explain such an extensive program, so you guys will have to do some self research and reading.
...(also omitted)...
Anywho, the gist of it is, you purchase a kit, you take a DNA sample through epithelial cells inside your cheek using a cheek swab, and then you send it back. The vials have a specific barcode that you can use to track progress of the analysis online.
You can either choose the Y Chromosome Analysis, which would determine your patrilineal line – your Father’s father’s father’s father’s father’s father’s, FATHER and so on and so forth into Africa - or your Mitochondrial DNA, which will determine your matrilineal line – Mother’s mother’s mother’s mother’s mother’s MOTHER and so on and so forth, into Africa.
Ultimately, I chose the Y chromosome Analysis – my Father’s lineage. I did this, not because of any favouritism in my part, but because therein lies a sort of Family mystery. Unlike some Filipino names that are either clearly Spanish – Fernando, Perez, Diaz from my Father’s side like I mentioned; or Rubio, Bello, Bueno, Manzano from my Mother’s side. It also isn’t some native indigenous word that translates to something else like Makisig which means “Strong” or “Powerful” and Catacutan which means “To be feared” – nothing as awesome as these.
It’s not even drawing from something more recent influences like Japanese, Korean, English/American, French. So if my last name is not a native indigenous word, it isn't a Spanish name as far as I know, and certainly not English or anything else, then what the hell is it? I have a sneaking suspicion that it is Hispanized Chinese.
Certainly, this is the case with some famous Filipino names like Cojuangco. Due to records, they have absolute certainty that they had Chinese Ancestry. Perhaps back in the day, there was one Kho Huan Ko, who landed in the Philippines, converted to Christianity, and either a transcribing error by mistake or by design, voila! He became Mr. Cojuanco with a Christian first name. Perhaps...
Similarly, my Dad's last name, Gulinao, has three syllables that can be broken down into three possible Chinese names. Go Li Nao. Could this be the case?
If my Dad's lineage is Haplogroup O or B, then my father's lineage is Asian, and that might lend some credence to my hunch.
Anyone care to hazard a guess?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/adogcalledstray/4580227298/
Now, no discussion of the Genographic project is complete without some criticism.
If you look at the family tree, it would seem that the Asian story is still underrepresented.
In Europe, in the Nordic countries in particular - a place where you'd think it to be a very homogeneous, they've traced two Haplogroups. Asia on the other hand only has two known Haplogroups so far. Does that mean Asians really are that homogeneous? Or is the knowledge base still incomplete? Whatever the case, this certainly wouldn't answer my other questions such as, what kind of Asian am I, to be exact? The strategic location of Philippines still leaves many options. Was he Taiwanese? Indonesian? Malaysian? My Genetic trail stops 35,000 years ago. When did HE move? During the last ice age? Or during the more recent Philippine-China Trade? By “recent” I mean anywhere during the last 300 years. The results they give cannot answer where or how, or when exactly that one ancestor of mine arrived in what is now the Philippines.
Most importantly, it gives no actual answer to my name. I'm still just speculating as to the origins of the "Gulinao" name: Be it transcription error that originally was Guliano, Giuliani, Giuliano, Galeano, etc; Or, as I mentioned, Hispanized Chinese.
Finally, the choice of Y Chromosome or Mitochondrial DNA testing only yields ONE line - a choice between your father's father's father's father's father... and so on and so forth into Africa. Or your mother's mother's mother's mother's mother... and so on and so forth into Africa . It doesn't take into account all the other lineages that eventually converge into me. I suppose I could test some relatives to test my father's mother, or my father's mother's father, but that would get costly real quick.
Anyway, when I told my Dad of the results, I discerned that he would have been happier if the result had said Spanish, instead of Chinese. But being a man of science, he probably was still more interested than slightly disappointed. For him, who has a masters in Animal Sciences, specifically in Animal Breeding, such scientific results are very fascinating. When I let him read the first draft of this speech, he also said, "Hah! You go and tell the world, Son. Go ahead and shut up those flatnosed, stubby legged, dark Filipinos who claim to be something they aren't!" he said.
Admittedly, I'm taking liberties at what he exactly said. I assure you however that it was that brutally frank - I do take after him. Now, there is nothing wrong with being flatnosed, stubby legged, or dark. And my Dad certainly does not disdain such features - you are what you are. But if you are claiming to be something are not, then you probably need to be put in your place. This is not a quarrel against one's actual lineage, but rather a beef against false logic, pretentiousness, and what I would term as self hating racism.
In fact, if you're a Pinay, with such features, Rejoice! ROWR! White boys will be all over you! I'm told they find it "cute".
The point however is that, it's very disconcerting for me and my Dad - self proclaimed men of reason - to hear Pinoys and Pinays lay claim to some imagined Spanish heritage.
...(large portion concerned only with the presentation is hacked out)...
And just to show you how reasonable I am, allow me to now discount my own findings (or more appropriately: The findings of Nat Geo's Genographic Project)
The more I thought about actually proving my own patrilineal line, the less it mattered. The novelty of knowing, did not really fade, but I found less and less utility for it.
Especially since I could really only use it in making this scathing cultural observation against Filipinos - which is something I already do on a daily basis, what with my self deprecating humour.
Most importantly, even though one segment of my genetic bloodline says Han Chinese, I don’t feel that way. I was born into - and spent the first 15 years of my life - immersed in the Filipino culture. There is no trace of anything Chinese in my family, save for what Filipinos in general have already assimilated from Chinese culture - which isn't saying much because Filipinos love to take a little something from every other culture they sample. And that means a mish mash of everything. As most Filipino tour guides say in describing what is Filipino Culture: "... born in South East Asia; traded with the Chinese prior to western influence; spent 300 years under Spain; about 50 years under the Americans; 3 under the Japanese; and nowadays will jump in bed with just about anyone!"
And that, dear Filipinos, in my opinion, is Filipino identity.
It isn't in your blood, it's in how you think.
But even if you will it, it won't happen. So my dear Filipinos, please stop claiming you have Spanish blood, since you - we - probably don't.
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Annotated Literary References:
Arendt, Hannah (1963) Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York, NY: Viking Press.
Hannah Arendt’s dissection of Eichmann’s personality and in a sense an analysis of the social mechanisms which allowed the Holocaust to occur.
Cristian Capelli, James F. Wilson, Martin Richards, Michael P. H. Stumpf, Fiona Gratrix, Stephen Oppenheimer, Peter Underhill, Vincenzo L. Pascali, Tsang-Ming Ko, and David B. Goldstein (2001) A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania. Stanford Human Population Genetics Laboratory. Accessed 12 March 2010 http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf
Diamond, Jared (1997) Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies. New York, NY: Norton
The famous book by Professor Jared Diamond where he scientifically and definitively dispels any racist interpretation of genetics, human migration, and civilization.
Dorai, Francis & Bell, Brian (2005) Insight Guides: Philippines. Singapore: Insight Print Services.
A superb tourist guide which gives decent background on Philippine History, the Philippines’ present culture as well as its social mores.
Frankl, Viktor (2000) Man’s Search for Ultimate Meaning. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Publishing
Masson, Anne (Producer), & Mehta, Deepa. (Director). (1998). Earth: 1947 [Motion picture]. Canada/India: Zeitgeist Films.
A dramatization of the partition of India in 1947. This film succintly illustrates how even an ethnically close group of people can turn against each other when their cultural differences and disagreements are given emphasis – even if they had been close friends and neighbours before.
Rizal, Jose. (1996). Noli Me Tangere. (Translation by Maria Soledad Lacson-Locsin). Makati City, Philippines: The Bookmark Inc. (Original work published 1887).
Written by the Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal, it is not only considered to be a landmark revolutionary literature with its biting social commentary, but also an accurate depiction and novelization of Philippine social mores during the height of the Spanish Colonial era. To this day, it has great relevance; to understand this book is to understand the Filipino psyche.
Sartre, Jean Paul. (1946). Humanism of Existentialism. In R. T. Matthews, & F. Dewitt Platt (Eds.), Readings in the Western Humanities (pp. 311-315). New York: McGraw Hill.
Weiner, Matt (producer) (2008) Mad Men Season 2 [Motion Picture Collection] USA: AMC Films
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Addendum:
Another good book, which I unfortunately had not yet come across when doing this presentation nearly 2 years ago is Rafael Vicente's "WHITE LOVE and other events in Filipino History".
Google Preview here: http://books.google.ca/books?id=5PZXhmERFYMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=white+love+filipino+history&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wFIDT8rwEM3UiAKPk72aDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=white%20love%20filipino%20history&f=false













































